Estrés oxidativo, antioxidantes y enfermedad periodontal

Abstract

There is a balance that exists in the body between oxidation and anti-oxidative activity, which, when lost, creates a condition in which cellular antioxidant defenses are insufficient to break down ROS (reactive oxygen substances) and RNS (reactive nitrogen substances) due to their excessive production and/or the loss of antioxidant defenses, which results in damage to proteins, nucleic acids, and unsaturated lipids, and may compromise the viability of the cell. Furthermore, periodontal disease has been linked to bacterial plaque and poor hygiene habits. This inflammatory alteration has now been linked to systemic diseases and its connection with oxidative stress—which contributes to the pathogenesis of a large number of disorders, including other inflammatory diseases—has been proved. There are certain levels of endogenous antioxidants that counteract the excess of free radicals as antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Therefore, a better understanding of the biochemical markers of oxidative stress will lead to the development of new treatments.