Dietary Supplementation with sodium bentonite and coumarin alleviates the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in rabbits

Abstract

Eighty-four male New Zealand White rabbits with average body weight 778 ± 65 g were blocked into four groups to evaluate the ability of sodium bentonite and coumarin in alleviating the toxicity of aflatoxin B1. The first group was fed on a diet without any treatment (CON), while the remaining three diets were added with aflatoxin B1 at 0.25 ppm diet. Diet fed to the third and fourth group of rabbits were further supplemented with sodium bentonite at 5 g/kg (SOB) and coumarin at 5 g/kg (COU) of the diet, respectively. Feeding aflatoxin-contaminated diet (AFL) caused necrosis of liver tissue and reduced the weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient digestibility coefficients, and nitrogen balance of rabbits. This, in turn, was reflected as a reduction in carcass characteristics. The serum collected from rabbits fed aflatoxin-contaminated diet showed decreased levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, and increased concentrations of urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes. Further, aflatoxin diet increased the cecal pH, and decreased the ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, and individual fatty acids proportion of cecal fluid. Supplementing sodium bentonite and coumarin at 5 g/kg diet reduced the negative effects of aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, biochemical parameters, carcass characteristics, and cecal fermentation profile. Furthermore, the coumarin-supplemented group showed better body weight gains and carcass weights compared to the rabbits fed with diets containing sodium bentonite. In conclusion, both sodium bentonite and coumarin supplementation was beneficial in ameliorating the toxicity of aflatoxin B1. Further, the increased body weight gains and better-feed conversion in coumarin-supplemented rabbits project the coumarin as a better anti-aflatoxigenic supplement.