Bioacumulación de iones metálicos en boca por el uso de aparatología fija ortodóntica

Abstract

The metal alloys used in dentistry in their chemical composition are mainly made of nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti), which can release metal ions in unstable environments such as the oral cavity due to variations in temperature, wet and pH salivary, due to the electrochemical degradation of the materials that contributes to the corrosion of the metals used in orthodontics. The attachments used in fixed orthodontic appliances such stainless Steel (SS), nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) submit morphological and structural changes due to the release of metal concentrations. The aim of this research was to evaluate the release of metal ions by different biomarkers such as urine, saliva and hair by the use of fixed orthodontic appliances through the analysis of the technique by Inductively Coupled Optical Emission Plasma Spectrometry (ICP-OES).

In this study, 35 individuals were selected under orthodontic treatment, from whom samples of saliva, urine and hair were collected in 3 stages: a) baseline, b) at three and c) six months after the placement of fixed appliances. The presence of metal ion concentrations in saliva, urine and hair was performed using the ICP-OES instrument and technique. In addition, salivary pH was determined at different time intervals. The wires of Ni-Ti (0.016 "), Ni-Ti (0.016 x 0.022") and SS (0.016 x 0.022 ") were analyzed by SEM after one month of being in contact with the oral cavity. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS using the ANOVA model of repeated measures with a p <0.05. Statistically significant differences were found in the levels of Ni in saliva between the stages of 3 and 6 months of intervention and for Ni in urine at 6 months. The average value of salivary pH at baseline was 7.12, at 3 months it decreased to 6.93 and at 6 months it increased to 7.44. Corrosion was observed in the Ni-Ti arcs (0.016 "), the control group showed an elementary chemical composition: Ni (55.79%) and Ti (44.21%) weight.

The study showed that fixed appliances have a correlation between the release of metal ions and metal corrosion, concluding that the release of Ni and Ti reached the highest concentration peaks at 3 months after placement.