Análisis productivo-económico y espacial de sistemas caprinos multifuncionales

Abstract

Introduction. The estimation of producti ve and economic indicators becomes relevant when evaluating the productivity, profitability, and competitiveness of multifunctional systems (Kaufmann and Cleveland, 1995) that asso ciate different economic activities. Objective. Carry out a productive-economic analysis and space of multifunctional goat systems. Methods. The temporal analysis includes the period 2014-2020, the spatial four mu nicipalities of the region of Tejupilco, State of Mexico; the object of study the multifunctional productive-goat units; The instruments used to collect information during the field work were surveys applied to producers and, statistically, the information was processed by applying mul tivariate analysis based on main components (the software used was SPSS Vers. 13.0). Following Manly (2004), productive systems are characterized and classified according to their multifunctionality, and 20 technical and 10 economic indicators are identified to integrate clusters with similarity or minimal significant difference of the average values of each indicator. Results and discussion. When grouping the productive units by municipality and classifying them according to their technical and economic efficiency, evidence was found that in 25.33% of the cases the units under study registered low productive indicators and 8.33% high economic indicators, figures that are explained by nutri tional, reproductive and sanitary management associated with livestock activities and, due to high production costs; results that coincide with those reported by Benítez et al. and Barrera et al., in 2018. The technical-productive efficien cy of the units that did not register low yields or high production costs is the result of the op timal use and integration and multifunctional integration of available resources, which has contributed to improve soil fertility, protect crops and livestock from the wind, conserve water, limit the development of pests and pre vent soil erosion. Conclusion. the size of the multifunctional productive unit does not affect productivity, profitability, and competitiveness because its effectiveness and efficiency is based on good practices and the bargaining power of producers with economic agents involved in productive chains backwards and forwards.