Thermal Hydrolisis of Orange Peel and its fermentation with alginate beads to produce ethanol

Abstract

Currently, 84% of energy that is consumed in the world originates from fossil fuels, a non-renewable and rapidly depleting resource. In addition, the use of fuels derived from it results in environmental problems such as emission of greenhouse gases, as well as economic concerns. Therefore, the need to find an alternative energy source has emerged in recent years. Lignocellulosic residues (for example: forestry waste, fruit peel, cereal, or waste paper) as energy sources are a good choice because of their chemical composition, which mostly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These residues can be processed to obtain ethanol, which can then be used as an alternative combustible fuel (Sun and Cheng 2002; Balat 2011), a biofuel similar to gasoline, but with some advantages over it.