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Spatiotemporal analysis of the atmospheric and surface urban heat islands of the Metropolitan Area of Toluca, Mexico

RIVERA GUTIERREZ, ERIKA; ANTONIO NEMIGA, XANAT; ORIGEL GUTIERREZ, GABRIEL; Sarricolea, Pablo; Adame Martínez, Salvador
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68533
Fecha: 2017-03-10

Resumen:

The dynamic of consolidation of urban areas in Latin America has allowed that almost 80% of the population concentrates in cities; this has produced changes in land covers and modified regional climate, propitiating the appearance of urban heat islands. The Metropolitan Area of Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico, holds the fifth national place in population size and experiences this process, because of this, the objective is to analyze and compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the atmospheric urban heat island obtained from data gathered from 12 urban and rural weather stations with the surface urban heat island obtained from the digital processing of four Landsat 8 images. Results show the year-round presence of night-time atmospheric urban heat islands, which reach a peak in autumn (up to 6 _C). Daytime atmospheric urban heat islands occur in summer and autumn with a maximum intensity of 4 _C. For their part, surface urban heat islands occur in spring, summer and autumn and reach maximums of 19 _C in intensity. A strong correlation was found between wetness and Surface temperature (coefficient of determination, 0.8) in spring and winter. Soil wetness directly impacts the formation of weak urban heat islands in dry season, and intense ones in wet season, while the green areas and the winds affect the spatial distribution of the same.

Descripción:

The growth of urban populations around the globe is undeniable and consolidates in Latin America and the Caribbean, which nowadays is considered the most urbanized region in the world, for almost 80% of its population lives in cities (UN HABITAT 2012). However, many cities expanded without taking into consideration a proper planning that ensured the population’s quality of life. The expansion of the city modified land use and land cover and changed the albedo of the surface as the coverage of green areas decreased, and with this evapotranspiration, wind regime and surface runoff modified; besides, the sources of anthropogenic heat increased (Oke 1987; Lo´pez et al. 1993; Ferna´ndez and Martilli 2012). This impacts the regional conditions of climate, generating a local urban weather. According to Romero et al. (2010) ‘‘Urban climate comes from unnoticed and intentional transformations introduced into local and regional climates, which directly relate with the social construction of spaces and places.’’ All urban climates present common characteristics, being urban heat island its main feature (Oke 1987; Lo´pez et al. 1993; Monta´vez et al. 2000). An urban heat island is defined as an urban area with higher temperature conditions than neighboring non-developable areas (Voogt and Oke 2003). There are two sorts of urban heat islands. The first, atmospheric urban heat island (UHI), represents the differences in air temperature between urban and rural areas. The second, known as surface urban heat island (SUHI), shows termal differences between artificial surfaces (such as asphalt and rooftops) and the natural ones (such as vegetation and cultivations) (Ferna´ndez and Martilli 2012). The most significant when analyzing a heat island features is the shape, intensity and variations in space and time (Lo´pez et al. 1993; Voogt 2008).

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  • Título
  • Spatiotemporal analysis of the atmospheric and surface urban heat islands of the Metropolitan Area of Toluca, Mexico
  • Autor
  • RIVERA GUTIERREZ, ERIKA
  • ANTONIO NEMIGA, XANAT
  • ORIGEL GUTIERREZ, GABRIEL
  • Sarricolea, Pablo
  • Adame Martínez, Salvador
  • Fecha de publicación
  • 2017-03-10
  • Editor
  • Springer Berlin Heidelberg
  • Tipo de documento
  • Artículo
  • Palabras clave
  • Atmospheric temperature
  • Surface temperature
  • Urban heat island intensity
  • Soil wetness
  • Los documentos depositados en el Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México se encuentran a disposición en Acceso Abierto bajo la licencia Creative Commons: Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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